SEC Filing | Vishay Intertechnology, Inc.

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 29, 2024

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______ to _______

Commission File Number 011-07416

Vishay Intertechnology, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		38-1686453
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

63 Lancaster Avenue Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355-2143		610-644-1300
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(Registrant’s Area Code and Telephone Number)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading symbol	Name of exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.10 per share	VSH	New York Stock Exchange LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files.)

☒Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

	Large Accelerated Filer ☒	Accelerated filer ☐
	Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

☐ Yes ☒ No

As of August 5, 2024 the registrant had 124,668,345 shares of its common stock (excluding treasury shares) and 12,097,148 shares of its Class B common stock outstanding.

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VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.

FORM 10-Q

June 29, 2024

CONTENTS

			Page Number
PART I.		FINANCIAL INFORMATION

	Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)

		Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets – June 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023	4

		Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations – Fiscal Quarters Ended June 29, 2024 and July 1, 2023	6

		Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income – Fiscal Quarters Ended June 29, 2024 and July 1, 2023	7

		Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations – Six Fiscal Months Ended June 29, 2024 and July 1, 2023	8

		Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income – Six Fiscal Months Ended June 29, 2024 and July 1, 2023	9

		Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows – Six Fiscal Months Ended June 29, 2024 and July 1, 2023	10

		Consolidated Condensed Statements of Equity	11

		Notes to the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements	12

	Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25

	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	43

	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	43

PART II.		OTHER INFORMATION

	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	44

	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	44

	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	44

	Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	44

	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	45

	Item 5.	Other Information	45

	Item 6.	Exhibits	45

		SIGNATURES	46

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.

Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets

(Unaudited - In thousands)

	June 29, 2024			December 31, 2023
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	672,731		$	972,719
Short-term investments		15,320			35,808
Accounts receivable, net		424,512			426,674
Inventories:
Finished goods		172,353			167,083
Work in process		280,490			267,339
Raw materials		218,480			213,098
Total inventories		671,323			647,520

Prepaid expenses and other current assets		213,331			214,443
Total current assets		1,997,217			2,297,164

Property and equipment, at cost:
Land		84,036			77,006
Buildings and improvements		752,194			719,387
Machinery and equipment		3,226,301			3,053,868
Construction in progress		283,024			290,593
Allowance for depreciation		(2,888,004	)		(2,846,208	)
Property and equipment, net		1,457,551			1,294,646

Right of use assets		124,878			126,829

Deferred income taxes		135,752			137,394

Goodwill		250,580			201,416

Other intangible assets, net		86,895			72,333

Other assets		99,828			110,141
Total assets	$	4,152,701		$	4,239,923

Continues on following page.

VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.

Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets (continued)

(Unaudited - In thousands)

	June 29, 2024			December 31, 2023
Liabilities and equity
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	$	198,527		$	191,002
Payroll and related expenses		152,423			161,940
Lease liabilities		27,502			26,485
Other accrued expenses		241,961			239,350
Income taxes		49,546			73,098
Total current liabilities		669,959			691,875

Long-term debt less current portion		820,622			818,188
U.S. transition tax payable		-			47,027
Deferred income taxes		108,886			95,776
Long-term lease liabilities		98,907			102,830
Other liabilities		85,306			87,918
Accrued pension and other postretirement costs		187,575			195,503
Total liabilities		1,971,255			2,039,117

Equity:
Vishay stockholders' equity
Common stock		13,358			13,319
Class B convertible common stock		1,210			1,210
Capital in excess of par value		1,296,721			1,291,499
Retained earnings		1,068,351			1,041,372
Treasury stock (at cost)		(186,816	)		(161,656	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		(16,969	)		10,337
Total Vishay stockholders' equity		2,175,855			2,196,081
Noncontrolling interests		5,591			4,725
Total equity		2,181,446			2,200,806
Total liabilities and equity	$	4,152,701		$	4,239,923

See accompanying notes.

VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.

Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations

(Unaudited - In thousands, except per share amounts)

	Fiscal quarters ended
	June 29, 2024			July 1, 2023

Net revenues	$	741,239		$	892,110
Costs of products sold		578,369			634,637
Gross profit		162,870			257,473

Selling, general, and administrative expenses		124,953			122,857
Operating income		37,917			134,616

Other income (expense):
Interest expense		(6,657	)		(6,404	)
Other		5,011			5,257
Total other income (expense)		(1,646	)		(1,147	)

Income before taxes		36,271			133,469

Income tax expense		12,391			38,054

Net earnings		23,880			95,415

Less: net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests		347			377

Net earnings attributable to Vishay stockholders	$	23,533		$	95,038

Basic earnings per share attributable to Vishay stockholders	$	0.17		$	0.68

Diluted earnings per share attributable to Vishay stockholders	$	0.17		$	0.68

Weighted average shares outstanding - basic		137,326			139,764

Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted		138,084			140,478

Cash dividends per share	$	0.10		$	0.10

See accompanying notes.

VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(Unaudited - In thousands)

	Fiscal quarters ended
	June 29, 2024			July 1, 2023

Net earnings	$	23,880		$	95,415

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax

Pension and other post-retirement actuarial items		388			148

Foreign currency translation adjustment		(7,672	)		3,475

Other comprehensive income (loss)		(7,284	)		3,623

Comprehensive income		16,596			99,038

Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		347			377

Comprehensive income attributable to Vishay stockholders	$	16,249		$	98,661

See accompanying notes.

VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.

Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations

(Unaudited - In thousands, except per share amounts)

	Six fiscal months ended
	June 29, 2024			July 1, 2023

Net revenues	$	1,487,518		$	1,763,156
Costs of products sold		1,154,241			1,226,970
Gross profit		333,277			536,186

Selling, general, and administrative expenses		252,689			243,002
Operating income		80,588			293,184

Other income (expense):
Interest expense		(13,153	)		(11,524	)
Other		13,098			8,586
Total other income (expense)		(55	)		(2,938	)

Income before taxes		80,533			290,246

Income tax expense		25,210			82,642

Net earnings		55,323			207,604

Less: net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests		866			785

Net earnings attributable to Vishay stockholders	$	54,457		$	206,819

Basic earnings per share attributable to Vishay stockholders	$	0.40		$	1.48

Diluted earnings per share attributable to Vishay stockholders	$	0.39		$	1.47

Weighted average shares outstanding - basic		137,525			140,201

Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted		138,279			140,865

Cash dividends per share	$	0.20		$	0.20

See accompanying notes.

VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(Unaudited - In thousands)

	Six fiscal months ended
	June 29, 2024			July 1, 2023

Net earnings	$	55,323		$	207,604

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax

Pension and other post-retirement actuarial items		(1,808	)		284

Foreign currency translation adjustment		(25,498	)		23,198

Other comprehensive income (loss)		(27,306	)		23,482

Comprehensive income		28,017			231,086

Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		866			785

Comprehensive income attributable to Vishay stockholders	$	27,151		$	230,301

See accompanying notes.

VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.

Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited - In thousands)

	Six fiscal months ended
	June 29, 2024			July 1, 2023

Operating activities
Net earnings	$	55,323		$	207,604
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		101,677			87,694
Gain on disposal of property and equipment		(1,091	)		(495	)
Inventory write-offs for obsolescence		19,051			18,023
Deferred income taxes		5,589			16,166
Stock compensation expense		9,293			6,082
Other		(632	)		(811	)
Change in U.S. transition tax liability		(37,622	)		(27,670	)
Change in repatriation tax liability		(15,000	)		-
Net change in operating assets and liabilities		(81,107	)		(69,461	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		55,481			237,132

Investing activities
Capital expenditures		(115,648	)		(117,250	)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		1,265			1,013
Purchase of businesses, net of cash acquired		(200,185	)		(5,003	)
Purchase of short-term investments		(59,638	)		(41	)
Maturity of short-term investments		80,110			293,282
Other investing activities		(1,220	)		(892	)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		(295,316	)		171,109

Financing activities
Net proceeds on revolving credit facility		-			143,000
Debt issuance costs		-			(6,120	)
Dividends paid to common stockholders		(25,033	)		(25,538	)
Dividends paid to Class B common stockholders		(2,419	)		(2,419	)
Repurchase of common stock held in treasury		(25,160	)		(40,399	)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests		-			(867	)
Cash withholding taxes paid when shares withheld for vested equity awards		(4,058	)		(3,653	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(56,670	)		64,004
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(3,483	)		6,350

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		(299,988	)		478,595

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		972,719			610,825
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	672,731		$	1,089,420

See accompanying notes.

VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.

Consolidated Condensed Statements of Equity

(Unaudited - In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	Common Stock		Class B Convertible Common Stock		Capital in Excess of Par Value			Retained Earnings			Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Total Vishay Stockholders' Equity			Noncontrolling Interests			Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	13,291	$	1,210	$	1,352,321		$	773,228		$	(82,972	)	$	(10,827	)	$	2,046,251		$	3,899		$	2,050,150
Net earnings		-		-		-			111,781			-			-			111,781			408			112,189
Other comprehensive income (loss)		-		-		-			-			-			19,859			19,859			-			19,859
Issuance of stock and related tax withholdings for vested restricted stock units (254,513 shares)		25		-		(3,678	)		-			-			-			(3,653	)		-			(3,653	)
Dividends declared ($0.10 per share)		-		-		14			(14,034	)		-			-			(14,020	)		-			(14,020	)
Stock compensation expense		-		-		2,965			-			-			-			2,965			-			2,965
Repurchase of common stock held in treasury (916,221 shares)		-		-		-			-			(20,173	)		-			(20,173	)		-			(20,173	)
Balance at April 1, 2023	$	13,316	$	1,210	$	1,351,622		$	870,975		$	(103,145	)	$	9,032		$	2,143,010		$	4,307		$	2,147,317
Net earnings		-		-		-			95,038			-			-			95,038			377			95,415
Other comprehensive income (loss)		-		-		-			-			-			3,623			3,623			-			3,623
Distributions to noncontrolling interests		-		-		-			-			-			-			-			(867	)		(867	)
Dividends declared ($0.10 per share)		-		-		14			(13,951	)		-			-			(13,937	)		-			(13,937	)
Stock compensation expense		-		-		3,117			-			-			-			3,117			-			3,117
Repurchase of common stock held in treasury (847,202 shares)		-		-		-			-			(20,226	)		-			(20,226	)		-			(20,226	)
Balance at July 1, 2023	$	13,316	$	1,210	$	1,354,753		$	952,062		$	(123,371	)	$	12,655		$	2,210,625		$	3,817		$	2,214,442

Balance at December 31, 2023	$	13,319	$	1,210	$	1,291,499		$	1,041,372		$	(161,656	)	$	10,337		$	2,196,081		$	4,725		$	2,200,806
Net earnings		-		-		-			30,924			-			-			30,924			519			31,443
Other comprehensive income (loss)		-		-		-			-			-			(20,022	)		(20,022	)		-			(20,022	)
Issuance of stock and related tax withholdings for vested restricted stock units (371,055 shares)		38		-		(4,091	)		-			-			-			(4,053	)		-			(4,053	)
Dividends declared ($0.10 per share)		-		-		13			(13,765	)		-			-			(13,752	)		-			(13,752	)
Stock compensation expense		-		-		5,344			-			-			-			5,344			-			5,344
Repurchase of common stock held in treasury (565,420 shares)		-		-		-			-			(12,538	)		-			(12,538	)		-			(12,538	)
Balance at March 30, 2024	$	13,357	$	1,210	$	1,292,765		$	1,058,531		$	(174,194	)	$	(9,685	)	$	2,181,984		$	5,244		$	2,187,228
Net earnings		-		-		-			23,533			-			-			23,533			347			23,880
Other comprehensive income (loss)		-		-		-			-			-			(7,284	)		(7,284	)		-			(7,284	)
Issuance of stock and related tax withholdings for vested restricted stock units and phantom stock units (19,809 shares)		1		-		(6	)		-			-			-			(5	)		-			(5	)
Dividends declared ($0.10 per share)		-		-		13			(13,713	)		-			-			(13,700	)		-			(13,700	)
Stock compensation expense		-		-		3,949			-			-			-			3,949			-			3,949
Repurchase of common stock held in treasury (554,587 shares)		-		-		-			-			(12,622	)		-			(12,622	)		-			(12,622	)
Balance at June 29, 2024	$	13,358	$	1,210	$	1,296,721		$	1,068,351		$	(186,816	)	$	(16,969	)	$	2,175,855		$	5,591		$	2,181,446

See accompanying notes.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Note 1 – Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements of Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. (“Vishay” or the “Company”) have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and therefore do not include all information and footnotes necessary for presentation of financial position, results of operations, and cash flows required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for complete financial statements. The information furnished reflects all normal recurring adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair summary of the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods presented. The financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements filed with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. The results of operations for the fiscal quarter and six fiscal months ended June 29, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

The Company reports interim financial information for 13-week periods beginning on a Sunday and ending on a Saturday, except for the first fiscal quarter, which always begins on January 1, and the fourth fiscal quarter, which always ends on December 31. The four fiscal quarters in 2024 end on March 30, 2024, June 29, 2024, September 28, 2024, and December 31, 2024, respectively. The four fiscal quarters in 2023 ended on April 1, 2023, July 1, 2023, September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current financial statement presentation.

Note 2 – Acquisition Activities

As part of its growth strategy, the Company seeks to expand through targeted acquisitions of other manufacturers of electronic components. These acquisition targets include businesses that have established positions in major markets, reputations for product quality and reliability, and product lines with which the Company has substantial marketing and technical expertise. It also includes certain businesses that possess technologies which the Company expects to further develop and commercialize.

Newport wafer fab

On March 5, 2024, the Company acquired Nexperia’s wafer fabrication facility and operations located in Newport, South Wales, U.K. for $177,457 in cash, net of cash acquired. The transaction included contingent payments of up to $15,000, held in escrow pending receipt of an export license. The wafer fabrication facility is located on 28 acres and is an automotive-certified, 200mm semiconductor wafer fab with capacity to produce more than 30,000 wafers per month. See Note 13 for further discussion on the fair value measurement of the contingent consideration liability.

The transaction was funded by Vishay with cash on-hand. To effect the transaction, Vishay acquired a 100% interest in the legal entity Neptune 6 Limited, and its wholly-owned operating subsidiary, Nexperia Newport Limited, which owns and operates the Newport facility. Neptune 6 Limited was renamed "Vishay UK Holdings Limited," and Nexperia Newport Limited was renamed "Vishay Newport Limited."

Based on an estimate of fair values, the Company allocated the purchase price of the acquisition as follows:

Net working deficit (excluding cash and cash equivalents)	$	(339	)
Property and equipment		153,597
Customer relationships		4,000
Other, net		1,315
Deferred taxes, net		(18,908	)
Total identified assets and liabilities		139,665

Purchase price, net of cash acquired		177,457

Goodwill	$	37,792

The acquired assets and liabilities are included in the MOSFETs segment. The weighted average useful lives for customer relationships is 3 years. The goodwill associated with this transaction is not deductible for income tax purposes. The preliminary purchase price allocation is pending finalization of appraisals for property and equipment and intangible assets. There can be no assurance that the estimated amounts recorded represent the final purchase price allocation.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

The Company recognized $2,984 of acquisition costs classified as a component of selling, general, and administrative expenses. These costs were recognized in the third and fourth fiscal quarters of 2023 and first fiscal quarter of 2024.

The results and operations of this acquisition have been included in the MOSFETs segment since March 5, 2024. The inclusion of this acquisition did not have material impact on the MOSFETs segment's or the Company's consolidated results.

Ametherm, Inc.

On June 5, 2024, the Company acquired all of the outstanding equity interests of Ametherm, Inc., a Carson City, Nevada-based manufacturer of inrush current limiting solutions and power thermistors, for $31,478 in cash, net of cash acquired. Based on a preliminary estimate of fair values, the Company allocated $17,000 of the purchase price to definite-lived intangible assets. After allocating the purchase price to assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on an estimation of their fair values at the date of acquisition, the Company recorded goodwill of $11,710 related to this acquisition. The goodwill related to this acquisition is included in the Resistors reporting unit for goodwill impairment testing. The results and operations of this acquisition have been included in the Resistors segment since June 5, 2024.

MaxPower Semiconductor, Inc.

In October 2022, the Company acquired all of the outstanding equity interests of MaxPower Semiconductor, Inc., ("MaxPower"). The Company paid cash of $50,000, net of cash acquired, at closing. The transaction also included possible contingent payments of up to $57,500, which would be payable upon the achievement of certain technology milestones, upon favorable resolution of certain technology licensing matters with a third party, and upon the disposition of MaxPower's investment in an equity affiliate. As of June 29, 2024, the contingent payments upon favorable resolution of certain technology licensing matters with a third party and upon the disposition of MaxPower's investment in an equity affiliate have been resolved. Additionally, $2,500 has been paid upon the achievement of the first technology milestone. The Company's estimate of the maximum possible contingent payments remaining is now $15,000. See Note 13 for further discussion on the fair value measurement of the contingent consideration liability.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Note 3 – Leases

The net right of use assets and lease liabilities recognized on the consolidated condensed balance sheets for the Company's operating leases were as follows:

	June 29, 2024		December 31, 2023
Right of use assets
Operating Leases
Buildings and improvements	$	116,371	$	121,578
Machinery and equipment		8,507		5,251
Total	$	124,878	$	126,829
Current lease liabilities
Operating Leases
Buildings and improvements	$	23,314	$	23,647
Machinery and equipment		4,188		2,838
Total	$	27,502	$	26,485
Long-term lease liabilities
Operating Leases
Buildings and improvements	$	94,654	$	100,489
Machinery and equipment		4,253		2,341
Total	$	98,907	$	102,830
Total lease liabilities	$	126,409	$	129,315

Lease expense is classified in the statements of operations based on asset use. Total lease cost recognized on the consolidated condensed statements of operations is as follows:

	Fiscal quarters ended				Six fiscal months ended
	June 29, 2024		July 1, 2023		June 29, 2024		July 1, 2023
Lease expense
Operating lease expense	$	7,466	$	6,887	$	14,759	$	13,768
Short-term lease expense		220		252		476		508
Variable lease expense		148		159		362		311
Total lease expense	$	7,834	$	7,298	$	15,597	$	14,587

The Company paid $14,801 and $13,966 for its operating leases in the six fiscal months ended June 29, 2024 and July 1, 2023, respectively, which are included in operating cash flows on the consolidated condensed statements of cash flows. The weighted-average remaining lease term for the Company's operating leases is 8.8 years and the weighted-average discount rate is 6.5% as of June 29, 2024.

The undiscounted future lease payments for the Company's operating lease liabilities are as follows:

	June 29, 2024
2024 (excluding the six fiscal months ended June 29, 2024)	$	14,880
2025		26,987
2026		22,722
2027		18,448
2028		15,643
Thereafter		69,738

The undiscounted future lease payments presented in the table above include payments through the term of the lease, which may include periods beyond the noncancellable term. The difference between the total payments above and the lease liability balance is due to the discount rate used to calculate lease liabilities.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Note 4 – Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes consists of provisions for federal, state, and foreign income taxes. The effective tax rates for the periods ended June 29, 2024 and July 1, 2023 reflect the Company’s expected tax rate on reported income before income tax and tax adjustments. The Company operates in a global environment with significant operations in various jurisdictions outside the United States. Accordingly, the consolidated income tax rate is a composite rate reflecting the Company’s earnings and the applicable tax rates in the various jurisdictions where the Company operates.

In December 2021, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) issued model rules for a new global minimum tax (“Pillar Two”). Various jurisdictions around the world have passed, or are in the process of passing, legislation to enact Pillar Two and certain Pillar Two rules take effect in 2024 and 2025 in those jurisdictions. The United States has not adopted Pillar Two. The Company is continuing to monitor the impacts of Pillar Two on its operations and does not anticipate a material increase in income tax expense associated with jurisdictions that have implemented an income inclusion rule. The Company is continuing to monitor and assess the impacts of Pillar Two rules set to take effect in 2025, such as the under-taxed profits rule.

The Company repatriated $120,000 of accumulated earnings to the United States in the second fiscal quarter of 2024 and paid withholding taxes, in Israel, of $15,000. The withholding tax expense for the repatriation was recorded in prior years.

During the six fiscal months ended June 29, 2024, the liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits decreased $729 on a net basis, primarily due to statute expirations, partially offset by accruals for the current period.

Note 5 – Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consists of the following:

	June 29, 2024			December 31, 2023

Credit facility	$	-		$	-
Convertible senior notes, due 2025		95,102			95,102
Convertible senior notes, due 2030		750,000			750,000
Deferred financing costs		(24,480	)		(26,914	)
		820,622			818,188
Less current portion		-			-
	$	820,622		$	818,188

The following table summarizes some key facts and terms regarding the outstanding convertible senior notes as of June 29, 2024:

	2025 Notes			2030 Notes
Issuance date	June 12, 2018			September 12, 2023
Maturity date	June 15, 2025		*	September 15, 2030
Principal amount as of June 29, 2024	$	95,102		$	750,000
Cash coupon rate (per annum)		2.25	%		2.25	%
Conversion rate (per $1 principal amount)		32.1684			33.1609
Effective conversion price (per share)	$	31.09		$	30.16
130% of the current effective conversion price (per share)	$	40.42		$	39.21

*As the Company has the intent and ability to refinance its convertible senior notes due 2025 (the "2025 Notes") upon maturity using its revolving credit facility, the 2025 Notes remain classified as long-term liabilities.

Deferred financing costs are recognized as non-cash interest expense. Non-cash interest expense was $1,213 and $2,426 for the fiscal quarter and six fiscal months ended June 29, 2024, respectively, and $820 and $1,638 for the fiscal quarter and six fiscal months ended July 1, 2023, respectively.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Note 6 – Stockholders' Equity

In 2022, the Company's Board of Directors adopted a Stockholder Return Policy that will remain in effect until such time as the Board votes to amend or rescind the policy. The Stockholder Return Policy calls for the Company to return a prescribed amount of cash flows on an annual basis. The Company intends to return such amounts directly, in the form of dividends, or indirectly, in the form of stock repurchases.

The following table summarizes activity pursuant to this policy:

	Fiscal quarters ended					Six fiscal months ended
	June 29, 2024			July 1, 2023		June 29, 2024			July 1, 2023
Dividends paid to stockholders		$	13,700	$	13,937		$	27,452	$	27,957
Stock repurchases			12,622		20,226			25,160		40,399
Total		$	26,322	$	34,163		$	52,612	$	68,356

The repurchased shares are being held as treasury stock. The number of shares of common stock being held as treasury stock was 8,655,888 and 7,535,881 as of June 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Note 7 – Revenue Recognition

Sales returns and allowances accrual activity is shown below:

	Fiscal quarters ended						Six fiscal months ended
	June 29, 2024			July 1, 2023			June 29, 2024			July 1, 2023
Beginning balance	$	48,748		$	38,280		$	47,760		$	46,979
Sales allowances		20,955			26,297			46,231			52,134
Credits issued		(25,103	)		(16,853	)		(49,187	)		(50,128	)
Foreign currency		(107	)		1,626			(311	)		365
Ending balance	$	44,493		$	49,350		$	44,493		$	49,350

Note 8 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The cumulative balance of each component of other comprehensive income (loss) and the income tax effects allocated to each component are as follows:

	Pension and other post- retirement actuarial items			Currency translation adjustment			Total
Balance at January 1, 2024	$	(14,599	)	$	24,936		$	10,337
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		(2,574	)		(25,498	)	$	(28,072	)
Tax effect		-			-		$	-
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications, net of tax		(2,574	)		(25,498	)	$	(28,072	)
Amounts reclassified out of AOCI		967			-		$	967
Tax effect		(201	)		-		$	(201	)
Amounts reclassified out of AOCI, net of tax		766			-		$	766
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	$	(1,808	)	$	(25,498	)	$	(27,306	)
Balance at June 29, 2024	$	(16,407	)	$	(562	)	$	(16,969	)

Reclassifications of pension and other post-retirement actuarial items out of AOCI are included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost. See Note 9 for further information.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Note 9 – Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits

The Company maintains various retirement benefit plans. The service cost component of net periodic pension cost is classified in costs of products sold or selling, general, and administrative expenses on the consolidated condensed statements of operations based on the respective employee's function. The other components of net periodic pension cost are classified as other expense on the consolidated condensed statements of operations.

Defined Benefit Pension Plans

The following table shows the components of the net periodic pension cost for the second fiscal quarters of 2024 and 2023 for the Company’s defined benefit pension plans:

	Fiscal quarter ended June 29, 2024						Fiscal quarter ended July 1, 2023
	U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans			U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans

Net service cost	$	-		$	776		$	-		$	723
Interest cost		382			1,664			500			1,711
Expected return on plan assets		-			(582	)		-			(570	)
Amortization of prior service cost		17			57			36			56
Amortization of losses (gains)		(109	)		453			(30	)		87
Curtailment and settlement losses		-			101			-			106
Net periodic benefit cost	$	290		$	2,469		$	506		$	2,113

The following table shows the components of the net periodic pension cost for the six fiscal months ended June 29, 2024 and July 1, 2023 for the Company’s defined benefit pension plans:

	Six fiscal months ended June 29, 2024						Six fiscal months ended July 1, 2023
	U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans			U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans

Net service cost	$	-		$	1,566		$	-		$	1,447
Interest cost		763			3,350			999			3,406
Expected return on plan assets		-			(1,178	)		-			(1,140	)
Amortization of prior service cost		33			114			72			111
Amortization of losses (gains)		(217	)		910			(60	)		173
Curtailment and settlement losses		-			206			-			213
Net periodic benefit cost	$	579		$	4,968		$	1,011		$	4,210

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Other Postretirement Benefits

The following table shows the components of the net periodic benefit cost for the second fiscal quarters of 2024 and 2023 for the Company’s other postretirement benefit plans:

	Fiscal quarter ended June 29, 2024							Fiscal quarter ended July 1, 2023
	U.S. Plans				Non-U.S. Plans			U.S. Plans				Non-U.S. Plans

Service cost		$	5			$	60		$	6			$	34
Interest cost			52				61			56				31
Amortization of losses (gains)			(60	)			20			(81	)			4
Net periodic benefit cost		$	(3	)		$	141		$	(19	)		$	69

The following table shows the components of the net periodic pension cost for the six fiscal months ended June 29, 2024 and July 1, 2023 for the Company’s other postretirement benefit plans:

	Six fiscal months ended June 29, 2024							Six fiscal months ended July 1, 2023
	U.S. Plans				Non-U.S. Plans			U.S. Plans				Non-U.S. Plans

Service cost		$	10			$	120		$	11			$	68
Interest cost			105				122			112				62
Amortization of losses (gains)			(120	)			41			(161	)			7
Net periodic benefit cost		$	(5	)		$	283		$	(38	)		$	137

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Note 10 – Stock-Based Compensation

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense recognized:

	Fiscal quarters ended						Six fiscal months ended
	June 29, 2024			July 1, 2023			June 29, 2024			July 1, 2023

Restricted stock units ("RSUs")		$	3,949		$	3,117		$	9,175		5,975
Phantom stock units			-			-			118		107
Total		$	3,949		$	3,117		$	9,293		6,082

The following table summarizes unrecognized compensation cost and the weighted average remaining amortization periods at June 29, 2024 (amortization periods in years):

	Unrecognized Compensation Cost			Weighted Average Remaining Amortization Periods

Restricted stock units		$	38,497		2.3
Phantom stock units			-		n/a
Total		$	38,497

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Restricted Stock Units

RSU activity under the Company's stock incentive programs as of June 29, 2024 and changes during the six fiscal months then ended are presented below (number of RSUs in thousands):

	Number of RSUs			Weighted Average Grant-date Fair Value per Unit
Outstanding:
January 1, 2024		1,717		$	23.03
Granted*		1,638			20.47
Vested**		(571	)		23.02
Cancelled or forfeited		(44	)		23.88
Outstanding at June 29, 2024		2,740		$	21.49

Expected to vest at June 29, 2024		2,467

* Employees in certain countries are granted equity-linked awards that will be settled in cash and are accounted for as liability awards. The liability awards are not material. The number of RSUs granted excludes these awards.

** The number of RSUs vested includes shares that the Company withheld on behalf of employees to satisfy the statutory tax withholding requirements.

The number of performance-based RSUs that are scheduled to vest increases ratably based on the achievement of defined performance and market criteria between the established target and maximum levels. RSUs with performance-based and market-based vesting criteria are expected to vest as follows (number of RSUs in thousands):

Vesting Date	Expected to Vest		Not Expected to Vest		Total
January 1, 2025		168		-		168
January 1, 2026		95		72		167
January 1, 2027		400		201		601
March 1, 2029		175		-		175

Phantom Stock Units

Phantom stock unit activity as of June 29, 2024 and changes during the six fiscal months then ended are presented below (number of phantom stock units in thousands):

	Number of units		Grant-date Fair Value per Unit
Outstanding:
January 1, 2024		120
Granted		5		$	23.51
Dividend equivalents issued		1
Outstanding at June 29, 2024		126

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Note 11 – Segment Information

The following tables set forth business segment information:

	MOSFETs		Diodes		Optoelectronic Components		Resistors		Inductors		Capacitors		Total
Fiscal quarter ended June 29, 2024:
Net revenues	$	155,053	$	146,265	$	53,010	$	179,498	$	94,061	$	113,352	$	741,239

Segment Operating Income	$	1,834	$	24,414	$	8,693	$	32,859	$	24,547	$	20,966	$	113,313

Fiscal quarter ended July 1, 2023:
Net revenues	$	207,388	$	174,735	$	64,449	$	222,433	$	89,239	$	133,866	$	892,110

Segment Operating Income	$	56,772	$	35,110	$	10,749	$	57,363	$	27,585	$	28,177	$	215,756

Six fiscal months ended June 29, 2024:
Net revenues	$	308,226	$	295,395	$	102,209	$	367,694	$	182,712	$	231,282	$	1,487,518

Segment Operating Income	$	9,881	$	50,425	$	10,186	$	71,032	$	47,728	$	47,495	$	236,747

Six fiscal months ended July 1, 2023:
Net revenues	$	405,569	$	350,428	$	124,852	$	445,573	$	169,577	$	267,157	$	1,763,156

Segment Operating Income	$	114,789	$	77,796	$	28,049	$	124,062	$	48,564	$	61,173	$	454,433

	Fiscal quarters ended						Six fiscal months ended
	June 29, 2024			July 1, 2023			June 29, 2024			July 1, 2023
Reconciliation:
Segment Operating Income	$	113,313		$	215,756		$	236,747		$	454,433
Unallocated Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses		(75,396	)		(81,140	)		(156,159	)		(161,249	)
Consolidated Operating Income	$	37,917		$	134,616		$	80,588		$	293,184
Unallocated Other Income (Expense)		(1,646	)		(1,147	)		(55	)		(2,938	)
Consolidated Income Before Taxes	$	36,271		$	133,469		$	80,533		$	290,246

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

The Company has a broad line of products that it sells to original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs"), electronic manufacturing services ("EMS") companies, and independent distributors. The distribution of sales by channel is shown below:

	Fiscal quarters ended				Six fiscal months ended
	June 29, 2024		July 1, 2023		June 29, 2024		July 1, 2023
Distributors	$	411,508	$	487,107	$	793,988	$	957,895
OEMs		279,111		344,820		592,938		685,248
EMS companies		50,620		60,183		100,592		120,013
Total Revenue	$	741,239	$	892,110	$	1,487,518	$	1,763,156

Net revenues were attributable to customers in the following regions:

	Fiscal quarters ended				Six fiscal months ended
	June 29, 2024		July 1, 2023		June 29, 2024		July 1, 2023
Asia	$	283,489	$	323,527	$	567,496	$	633,956
Europe		265,153		326,461		536,887		653,022
Americas		192,597		242,122		383,135		476,178
Total Revenue	$	741,239	$	892,110	$	1,487,518	$	1,763,156

The Company generates substantially all of its revenue from product sales to end customers in the industrial, automotive, telecommunications, computing, consumer products, power supplies, military and aerospace, and medical end markets. Sales by end market are presented below:

	Fiscal quarters ended				Six fiscal months ended
	June 29, 2024		July 1, 2023		June 29, 2024		July 1, 2023
Industrial	$	262,134	$	327,956	$	510,262	$	653,916
Automotive		268,099		310,233		555,401		594,732
Military and Aerospace		80,569		68,741		163,925		130,866
Medical		39,456		40,138		73,845		82,241
Other		90,981		145,042		184,085		301,401
Total Revenue	$	741,239	$	892,110	$	1,487,518	$	1,763,156

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Note 12 – Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to Vishay stockholders (shares in thousands):

	Fiscal quarters ended				Six fiscal months ended
	June 29, 2024		July 1, 2023		June 29, 2024		July 1, 2023

Numerator:
Net earnings attributable to Vishay stockholders	$	23,533	$	95,038	$	54,457	$	206,819

Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per share:
Weighted average shares		137,201		139,627		137,400		140,062
Outstanding phantom stock units		125		137		125		139
Adjusted weighted average shares		137,326		139,764		137,525		140,201

Effect of dilutive securities:
Restricted stock units		758		714		754		664
Dilutive potential common shares		758		714		754		664

Denominator for diluted earnings per share:
Adjusted weighted average shares - diluted		138,084		140,478		138,279		140,865

Basic earnings per share attributable to Vishay stockholders	$	0.17	$	0.68	$	0.40	$	1.48

Diluted earnings per share attributable to Vishay stockholders	$	0.17	$	0.68	$	0.39	$	1.47

Diluted earnings per share for the periods presented do not reflect the following weighted average potential common shares that would have an antidilutive effect or have unsatisfied performance conditions (in thousands):

Fiscal quarters ended

Six fiscal months ended

June 29, 2024

July 1, 2023

June 29, 2024

July 1, 2023

Restricted stock units

381

318

254

159

If the average market price of Vishay common stock is less than the effective conversion prices of the convertible senior notes due 2025 and due 2030, respectively, no shares are included in the diluted earnings per share computation for the convertible senior notes due 2025 and due 2030. Upon Vishay exercising its existing right to legally amend the indenture governing the convertible senior notes due 2025, Vishay will satisfy its conversion obligations by paying $1 cash per $1 principal amount of converted notes and settle any additional amounts due in common stock. Pursuant to the indenture governing the convertible senior notes due 2030, Vishay will satisfy its conversion obligations by paying $1 cash per $1 principal amount of converted notes and settle any additional amounts due in cash and/or common stock.

In connection with the issuance of the convertible senior notes due 2030, the Company entered into capped call transactions (see Note 5), which were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. The capped calls are intended to reduce the potential dilution to the Company's common stock in the event that at the time of conversion of the convertible senior notes due 2030 the Company's common stock price exceeds the conversion price of the convertible senior notes due 2030.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Note 13 – Fair Value Measurements

The following table provides the financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis:

	Total Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
June 29, 2024
Assets:
Assets held in rabbi trusts	$	51,149	$	23,289	$	27,860	$	-
Available for sale securities	$	3,996		3,996		-		-
	$	55,145	$	27,285	$	27,860	$	-

Liability:
Acquisitions contingent consideration	$	15,664	$	-	$	-	$	15,664

December 31, 2023
Assets:
Assets held in rabbi trusts	$	50,378	$	24,343	$	26,035	$	-
Available for sale securities	$	4,115		4,115		-		-
	$	54,493	$	28,458	$	26,035	$	-

Liability:
MaxPower acquisition contingent consideration	$	938	$	-	$	-	$	938

There have been no changes in the classification of any financial instruments within the fair value hierarchy in the periods presented.

The Company maintains non-qualified trusts, referred to as “rabbi” trusts, to fund payments under deferred compensation and non-qualified pension plans. Rabbi trust assets consist primarily of marketable securities, classified as available-for-sale and company-owned life insurance assets. The marketable securities held in the rabbi trusts are valued using quoted market prices on the last business day of the period. The company-owned life insurance assets are valued in consultation with the Company’s insurance brokers using the value of underlying assets of the insurance contracts. The fair value measurement of the marketable securities held in the rabbi trust is considered a Level 1 measurement and the measurement of the company-owned life insurance assets is considered a Level 2 measurement within the fair value hierarchy.

The Company holds investments in debt securities that are intended to fund a portion of its pension and other postretirement benefit obligations outside of the United States. The investments are valued based on quoted market prices on the last business day of the period. The fair value measurement of the investments is considered a Level 1 measurement within the fair value hierarchy.

The Company may be required to make certain contingent payments to non-employee equity holders of MaxPower pursuant to the acquisition agreement, which will be payable upon the achievement of certain technology milestones. The Company may be required to make certain contingent payments upon the receipt of an export license pursuant to the Newport wafer fab acquisition agreement. The fair value of these contingent consideration payments is determined by estimating the net present value of the expected cash flows based on the probability of expected payments. The fair value measurement of the contingent consideration is considered a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy.

The fair value of the long-term debt, excluding the derivative liabilities and deferred financing costs, at June 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is approximately $809,400 and $836,200, respectively, compared to its carrying value, excluding the deferred financing costs, of $845,102. The Company estimates the fair value of its long-term debt using a combination of quoted market prices for similar financing arrangements and expected future payments discounted at risk-adjusted rates, which are considered Level 2 inputs.

At June 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company’s short-term investments were comprised of time deposits with financial institutions that have maturities that exceed 90 days from the date of acquisition; however they all mature within one year from the respective balance sheet dates. The Company's short-term investments are accounted for as held-to-maturity debt instruments, at amortized cost, which approximates their fair value. The investments are funded with excess cash not expected to be needed for operations prior to maturity; therefore, the Company believes it has the intent and ability to hold the short-term investments until maturity. At each reporting date, the Company performs an evaluation to determine if any unrealized losses are other-than-temporary. No other-than-temporary impairments have been recognized on these securities, and there are no unrecognized holding gains or losses for these securities during the periods presented. There have been no transfers to or from the held-to-maturity classification. All decreases in the account balance are due to returns of principal at the securities’ maturity dates. Interest on the securities is recognized as interest income when earned.

At June 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents were comprised of demand deposits, time deposits with maturities of three months or less when purchased, and money market funds. The Company estimates the fair value of its cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments using Level 2 inputs. Based on the current interest rates for similar investments with comparable credit risk and time to maturity, the fair value of the Company's cash, cash equivalents, and held-to-maturity short-term investments approximate the carrying amounts reported in the consolidated condensed balance sheets.

The Company’s financial instruments also include accounts receivable and accounts payable. The carrying amounts for these financial instruments reported in the consolidated condensed balance sheets approximate their fair values.

Item 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This Management's Discussion and Analysis ("MD&A") is intended to provide an understanding of Vishay's financial condition, results of operations and cash flows by focusing on changes in certain key measures from period to period. The MD&A should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements and accompanying Notes included in Item 1. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, particularly in Item 1A. "Risk Factors," filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 16, 2024.

Overview

Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. ("Vishay," "we," "us," or "our") manufactures one of the world’s largest portfolios of discrete semiconductors and passive electronic components that are essential to innovative designs in the automotive, industrial, computing, consumer, telecommunications, military, aerospace, and medical markets.

We operate in six segments based on product functionality: MOSFETs, Diodes, Optoelectronic Components, Resistors, Inductors, and Capacitors.

We are focused on enhancing stockholder value by growing our business and improving earnings per share. Since 1985, we have pursued a business strategy of growth through focused research and development and acquisitions. We plan to continue to grow our business through intensified internal growth supplemented by opportunistic acquisitions, while maintaining a prudent capital structure. To drive growth and optimize stockholder value, we plan to capitalize on the mega trends of e-mobility, sustainability, and connectivity through initiatives. We are developing go-to-market strategies and investing in and expanding the key product lines for growth that we have identified. In addition, we are strategically expanding our outsourced production of commodity products to subcontractors. At the same time, we are enhancing our channel management while investing in internal resources by adding customer-facing engineers and filling gaps in technology and market coverage. Taken together, each of these initiatives supports our Think Customer First organizational culture. To increase our internal capacity, we had planned to invest approximately $435 million in 2024. At the midpoint of the year, the industry recovery is slower than expected. Accordingly, we have adjusted our timetable for investments for our new 12-inch wafer fab in Itzehoe, Germany beyond 2024, and now expect total capital expenditures for 2024 to be between $360 million and $390 million. We remain committed to spending a total of $2.6 billion in total capital expenditures for the period 2023 - 2028. We can adjust the timing of our capital expenditures and still fulfill our customer commitments because we now have intermediate capacity due to the qualification of a foundry partner and the acquisition of the Newport wafer fab.

On March 5, 2024, we completed the acquisition of Nexperia’s wafer fabrication facility and operations located in Newport, South Wales, U.K. for approximately $177.5 million in cash, net of cash acquired. The wafer fabrication facility is located on 28 acres and is an automotive-certified, 200mm semiconductor wafer fab with capacity to produce more than 30,000 wafers per month. We plan to position the facility as a manufacturing excellence center and use it as the home for MaxPower to further develop and scale our SiC MOSFETs and diodes capabilities. We expect the facility to initially generate a net loss while we invest in new equipment and qualify new products.

In addition to enhancing stockholder value through growing our business, in 2022, our Board of Directors adopted a Stockholder Return Policy, which calls for us to return at least 70% of free cash flow, net of scheduled principal payments of long-term debt, on an annual basis. See further discussion in “Stockholder Return Policy” below.

Our business and operating results have been and will continue to be impacted by worldwide economic conditions. Our revenues are dependent on end markets that are impacted by consumer and industrial demand, and our operating results can be adversely affected by reduced demand in those global markets. In this volatile economic environment, we continue to closely monitor our fixed costs, capital expenditure plans, inventory, and capital resources to respond to changing conditions and to ensure we have the management, business processes, and resources to meet our future needs. We believe we can react quickly and professionally to changes in demand to minimize manufacturing inefficiencies and excess inventory build in periods of decline and maximize opportunities in periods of growth. We believe we have significant liquidity to withstand temporary disruptions in the economic environment.

We utilize several financial metrics, including net revenues, gross profit margin, operating margin, segment operating margin, end-of-period backlog, book-to-bill ratio, inventory turnover, change in average selling prices, net cash and short-term investments (debt), and free cash generation to evaluate the performance and assess the future direction of our business. See further discussion in “Financial Metrics” and “Financial Condition, Liquidity, and Capital Resources” below. The key financial metrics decreased slightly in the second fiscal quarter of 2024 primarily due to the negative impacts of an on-going distributor inventory correction. Net revenues and margins decreased versus the prior year periods primarily due to lower sales volume.

Net revenues for the fiscal quarter ended June 29, 2024 were $741.2 million, compared to $746.3 million and $892.1 million for the fiscal quarters ended March 30, 2024 and July 1, 2023, respectively. The net earnings attributable to Vishay stockholders for the fiscal quarter ended June 29, 2024 were $23.5 million, or $0.17 per diluted share, compared to $30.9 million, or $0.22 per diluted share for the fiscal quarter ended March 30, 2024, and $95.0 million, or $0.68 per diluted share for the fiscal quarter ended July 1, 2023.

Net revenues for the six fiscal months ended June 29, 2024 were $1,487.5 million, compared to $1,763.2 million for the six fiscal months ended July 1, 2023. The net earnings attributable to Vishay stockholders for the six fiscal months ended June 29, 2024 were $54.5 million, or $0.39 per diluted share, compared to $206.8 million, or $1.47 per diluted share for the six fiscal months ended July 1, 2023.

We define adjusted net earnings as net earnings determined in accordance with GAAP adjusted for various items that management believes are not indicative of the intrinsic operating performance of our business. We define free cash as the cash flows generated from continuing operations less capital expenditures plus net proceeds from the sale of property and equipment. The reconciliations below include certain financial measures which are not recognized in accordance with GAAP, including adjusted net earnings, adjusted earnings per share, and free cash. These non-GAAP measures should not be viewed as alternatives to GAAP measures of performance or liquidity. Non-GAAP measures such as adjusted net earnings, adjusted earnings per share, and free cash do not have uniform definitions. These measures, as calculated by Vishay, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. Management believes that adjusted net earnings and adjusted earnings per share are meaningful because they provide insight with respect to our intrinsic operating results. Management believes that free cash is a meaningful measure of our ability to fund acquisitions, repay debt, and otherwise enhance stockholder value through stock repurchases or dividends. We utilize the free cash metric in defining our Stockholder Return Policy.

Net earnings attributable to Vishay stockholders for the fiscal quarters ended June 29, 2024, March 30, 2024, and July 1, 2023 and for the six fiscal months ended June 29, 2024 and July 1, 2023 include no items affecting comparability.

The following table reconciles gross profit by segment to consolidated gross profit (in thousands).

	Fiscal quarters ended						Six fiscal months ended
	June 29, 2024		March 30, 2024		July 1, 2023		June 29, 2024		July 1, 2023

MOSFETs	$	21,569	$	25,473	$	71,954	$	47,042	$	144,812
Diodes		30,999		32,370		40,877		63,369		89,006
Optoelectronic Components		14,205		7,001		15,609		21,206		37,549
Resistors		41,182		46,471		64,634		87,653		138,670
Inductors		28,284		26,787		30,808		55,071		54,531
Capacitors		26,631		32,305		33,591		58,936		71,618
Gross profit	$	162,870	$	170,407	$	257,473	$	333,277	$	536,186

Although the term "free cash" is not defined in GAAP, each of the elements used to calculate free cash for the year-to-date period is presented as a line item on the face of our consolidated condensed statement of cash flows prepared in accordance with GAAP and the quarterly amounts are derived from the year-to-date GAAP statements as of the beginning and end of the respective quarter. Free cash results are as follows (in thousands):

	Fiscal quarters ended									Six fiscal months ended
	June 29, 2024			March 30, 2024			July 1, 2023			June 29, 2024			July 1, 2023
Net cash provided by continuing operating activities	$	(24,730	)	$	80,211		$	107,239		$	55,481		$	237,132
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		514			751			687			1,265			1,013
Less: Capital expenditures		(62,564	)		(53,084	)		(71,676	)		(115,648	)		(117,250	)
Free cash	$	(86,780	)	$	27,878		$	36,250		$	(58,902	)	$	120,895

Our results have been negatively impacted by the distributor inventory correction that began in the fourth fiscal quarter of 2022 and continued through the second fiscal quarter of 2024. Our results for the second fiscal quarter of 2024 remain strong, although weaker than our prior fiscal quarter and prior year results.

Our free cash results were significantly impacted by the installment payments of the U.S. transition tax of $37.6 million and $27.7 million in the second fiscal quarters of 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $15.0 million of payments of withholding taxes on foreign earnings for the $120.0 million that was repatriated to the U.S. in the second fiscal quarter of 2024.

Stockholder Return Policy

The following table summarizes activity pursuant to this policy (in thousands):

	Fiscal quarters ended						Six fiscal months ended
	June 29, 2024			July 1, 2023			June 29, 2024			July 1, 2023
Dividends paid to stockholders		$	13,700		$	13,937		$	27,452		$	27,957
Stock repurchases			12,622			20,226			25,160			40,399
Total		$	26,322		$	34,163		$	52,612		$	68,356

We have determined that substantially all unremitted foreign earnings in Germany and Israel are no longer indefinitely reinvested. These indefinite reinvestment assertions provide greater access to our worldwide cash balances to fund our growth plan and our Stockholder Return Policy, but also negatively impact our effective tax rate.

The structure of our Stockholder Return Policy enables us to allocate capital responsibly among our business, our lenders, and our stockholders. We will continue to invest in growth initiatives including key product line expansions, targeted R&D, and synergistic acquisitions.

We have paid dividends each quarter since the first quarter of 2014, and the Stockholder Return Policy will remain in effect until such time as the Board votes to amend or rescind the policy. Implementation of the Stockholder Return Policy is subject to future declarations of dividends by the Board of Directors, market and business conditions, legal requirements, and other factors. The policy sets forth our intention, but does not obligate us to acquire any shares of common stock or declare any dividends, and the policy may be terminated or suspended at any time at our discretion, in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.

Financial Metrics

We utilize several financial metrics to evaluate the performance and assess the future direction of our business. These key financial measures and metrics include net revenues, gross profit margin, operating margin, segment operating income, segment operating margin, end-of-period backlog, and the book-to-bill ratio. We also monitor changes in inventory turnover and our or publicly available average selling prices (“ASP”).

Gross profit margin is computed as gross profit as a percentage of net revenues. Gross profit is generally net revenues less costs of products sold, but also deducts certain other period costs, particularly losses on purchase commitments and inventory write-downs. Losses on purchase commitments and inventory write-downs have the impact of reducing gross profit margin in the period of the charge, but result in improved gross profit margins in subsequent periods by reducing costs of products sold as inventory is used. We also regularly evaluate gross profit by segment to assist in the analysis of consolidated gross profit. Gross profit margin and gross profit margin by segment are clearly a function of net revenues, but also reflect our cost management programs and our ability to contain fixed costs.

Operating margin is computed as gross profit less operating expenses, expressed as a percentage of net revenues. Operating margin is clearly a function of net revenues, but also reflects our cost management programs and our ability to contain fixed costs.

Our chief operating decision maker makes decisions, allocates resources, and evaluates business segment performance based on segment operating income. Only dedicated, direct selling, general, and administrative ("SG&A") expenses of the segments are included in the calculation of segment operating income. We do not allocate certain SG&A expenses that are managed at the regional or corporate global level to our segments. Accordingly, segment operating income excludes these SG&A expenses that are not directly traceable to the segments. Segment operating income would also exclude costs not routinely used in the management of the segments in periods when those items are present, such as restructuring and severance costs, and other items affecting comparability. Segment operating income is clearly a function of net revenues, but also reflects our cost management programs and our ability to contain fixed costs. Segment operating margin is segment operating income expressed as a percentage of net revenues.

End-of-period backlog is one indicator of future revenues. We include in our backlog only open orders that we expect to ship in the next twelve months. If demand falls below customers’ forecasts, or if customers do not control their inventory effectively, they may cancel or reschedule the shipments that are included in our backlog, in many instances without the payment of any penalty. Therefore, the backlog is not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for future periods.

An important indicator of demand in our industry is the book-to-bill ratio, which is the ratio of the amount of product ordered during a period as compared with the product that we ship during that period. A book-to-bill ratio that is greater than one indicates that our backlog is building and that we are likely to see increasing revenues in future periods. Conversely, a book-to-bill ratio that is less than one is an indicator of declining demand and may foretell declining revenues.

We focus on our inventory turnover as a measure of how well we are managing our inventory. We define inventory turnover for a financial reporting period as our costs of products sold for the four fiscal quarters ending on the last day of the reporting period divided by our average inventory (computed using each fiscal quarter-end balance) for this same period. A higher level of inventory turnover reflects more efficient use of our capital.

Pricing in our industry can be volatile. Using our and publicly available data, we analyze trends and changes in average selling prices to evaluate likely future pricing. The erosion of average selling prices of established products is typical for semiconductor products. We attempt to offset this deterioration with ongoing cost reduction activities and new product introductions. Our specialty passive components are more resistant to average selling price erosion. All pricing is subject to governing market conditions and is independently set by us.

The quarter-to-quarter trends in these financial metrics can also be an important indicator of the likely direction of our business. The following table shows net revenues, gross profit margin, operating margin, end-of-period backlog, book-to-bill ratio, inventory turnover, and changes in ASP for our business as a whole during the five fiscal quarters beginning with the second fiscal quarter of 2023 through the second fiscal quarter of 2024 (dollars in thousands):

	2nd Quarter 2023			3rd Quarter 2023			4th Quarter 2023			1st Quarter 2024			2nd Quarter 2024

Net revenues	$	892,110		$	853,653		$	785,236		$	746,279		$	741,239

Gross profit margin		28.9	%		27.8	%		25.6	%		22.8	%		22.0	%

Operating margin		15.1	%		13.5	%		9.9	%		5.7	%		5.1	%

End-of-period backlog	$	1,895,100		$	1,552,400		$	1,381,800		$	1,253,400		$	1,145,400

Book-to-bill ratio		0.69			0.63			0.75			0.82			0.86

Inventory turnover		3.9			3.7			3.6			3.5			3.4

Change in ASP vs. prior quarter		(0.7	)%		(0.8	)%		(0.7	)%		(2.5	)%		(0.7	)%

_________________________________________

See “Financial Metrics by Segment” below for net revenues, book-to-bill ratio, and gross profit margin broken out by segment.

Revenues decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and the second fiscal quarter of 2023 primarily due to lower sales volume and lower average selling prices. The book-to-bill ratio increased slightly versus the prior fiscal quarter, but orders and backlog continued to be negatively impacted by the distributor inventory correction that continued in the second fiscal quarter of 2024. We continue to increase manufacturing capacity for critical product lines. Average selling prices decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and prior year quarter.

Gross profit margin decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and the prior year quarter primarily due to decreased average selling prices and the impact of the Newport acquisition. Lower sales volume and cost inflation also contributed to the decrease versus the prior year quarter.

The book-to-bill ratio in the second fiscal quarter of 2024 increased to 0.86 versus 0.82 in the first fiscal quarter of 2024.

Financial Metrics by Segment

The following table shows net revenues, book-to-bill ratio, gross profit margin, and segment operating margin broken out by segment for the five fiscal quarters beginning with the second fiscal quarter of 2023 through the second fiscal quarter of 2024 (dollars in thousands):

	2nd Quarter 2023			3rd Quarter 2023			4th Quarter 2023			1st Quarter 2024			2nd Quarter 2024
MOSFETs
Net revenues	$	207,388		$	205,027		$	168,158		$	153,173		$	155,053

Book-to-bill ratio		0.68			0.50			0.62			0.68			0.79

Gross profit margin		34.7	%		33.5	%		27.3	%		16.6	%		13.9	%

Segment operating margin		27.4	%		25.7	%		16.8	%		5.3	%		1.2	%

Diodes
Net revenues	$	174,735		$	176,788		$	163,324		$	149,130		$	146,265

Book-to-bill ratio		0.54			0.58			0.61			0.72			0.85

Gross profit margin		23.4	%		26.7	%		24.1	%		21.7	%		21.2	%

Segment operating margin		20.1	%		23.5	%		20.9	%		17.4	%		16.7	%

Optoelectronic Components
Net revenues	$	64,449		$	64,441		$	53,853		$	49,199		$	53,010

Book-to-bill ratio		0.70			0.57			0.59			0.89			0.82

Gross profit margin		24.2	%		28.1	%		12.1	%		14.2	%		26.8	%

Segment operating margin		16.7	%		20.3	%		3.4	%		3.0	%		16.4	%

Resistors
Net revenues	$	222,433		$	199,877		$	198,022		$	188,196		$	179,498

Book-to-bill ratio		0.74			0.65			0.82			0.79			0.87

Gross profit margin		29.1	%		24.6	%		25.6	%		24.7	%		22.9	%

Segment operating margin		25.8	%		20.9	%		22.0	%		20.3	%		18.3	%

Inductors
Net revenues	$	89,239		$	89,947		$	87,868		$	88,651		$	94,061

Book-to-bill ratio		0.84			0.85			0.91			0.96			0.97

Gross profit margin		34.5	%		31.7	%		33.4	%		30.2	%		30.1	%

Segment operating margin		30.9	%		27.9	%		29.6	%		26.1	%		26.1	%

Capacitors
Net revenues	$	133,866		$	117,573		$	114,011		$	117,930		$	113,352

Book-to-bill ratio		0.70			0.75			0.95			1.03			0.87

Gross profit margin		25.1	%		22.1	%		25.3	%		27.4	%		23.5	%

Segment operating margin		21.0	%		17.5	%		20.4	%		22.5	%		18.5	%

Results of Operations

Statements of operations’ captions as a percentage of net revenues and the effective tax rates were as follows:

	Fiscal quarters ended									Six fiscal months ended
	June 29, 2024			March 30, 2024			July 1, 2023			June 29, 2024			July 1, 2023
Cost of products sold		78.0	%		77.2	%		71.1	%		77.6	%		69.6	%
Gross profit		22.0	%		22.8	%		28.9	%		22.4	%		30.4	%
Selling, general & administrative expenses		16.9	%		17.1	%		13.8	%		17.0	%		13.8	%
Operating income		5.1	%		5.7	%		15.1	%		5.4	%		16.6	%
Income before taxes and noncontrolling interest		4.9	%		5.9	%		15.0	%		5.4	%		16.5	%
Net earnings attributable to Vishay stockholders		3.2	%		4.1	%		10.7	%		3.7	%		11.7	%
________
Effective tax rate		34.2	%		29.0	%		28.5	%		31.3	%		28.5	%

Net Revenues

Net revenues were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Fiscal quarters ended									Six fiscal months ended
	June 29, 2024			March 30, 2024			July 1, 2023			June 29, 2024			July 1, 2023
Net revenues		$	741,239		$	746,279		$	892,110		$	1,487,518		$	1,763,156

The change in net revenues versus the comparable prior periods was as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Fiscal quarter ended June 29, 2024							Six fiscal months ended June 29, 2024
	Change in net revenues				% change			Change in net revenues				% change
March 30, 2024		$	(5,040	)		(0.7	)%			n/a			n/a
July 1, 2023		$	(150,871	)		(16.9	)%		$	(275,638	)		(15.6	)%

Changes in net revenues were attributable to the following:

	vs. Prior Quarter			vs. Prior Year Quarter			vs. Prior Year-to-Date
Change attributable to:
Decrease in volume		(1.1	)%		(15.4	)%		(13.8	)%
Decrease in average selling prices		(0.7	)%		(3.9	)%		(3.7	)%
Foreign currency effects		(0.3	)%		(0.3	)%		0.0	%
Acquisitions		1.8	%		1.8	%		1.1	%
Other		(0.4	)%		0.9	%		0.8	%
Net change		(0.7	)%		(16.9	)%		(15.6	)%

Despite the distributor inventory correction that we are experiencing, the long-term prospects for our business remain favorable, and we continue to increase manufacturing capacities for critical product lines. The decrease in net revenues versus the prior fiscal quarter and prior year quarter are primarily due to sales volume and average selling prices.

Gross Profit Margins

Gross profit margins for the fiscal quarter ended June 29, 2024 were 22.0%, versus 22.8% and 28.9%, for the comparable prior quarter and prior year period, respectively. Gross profit margins for the six fiscal months ended June 29, 2024 were 22.4%, versus 30.4% for the comparable prior year period. The decreases versus the prior year periods are primarily due to lower sales volume and cost inflation. Decreased average selling prices and the impact of the Newport acquisition contributed to the decreases versus the prior periods.

Segments

Analysis of revenues and margins for our segments is provided below.

MOSFETs

Net revenues, gross profit margins, and segment operating margins of the MOSFETs segment were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Fiscal quarters ended									Six fiscal months ended
	June 29, 2024			March 30, 2024			July 1, 2023			June 29, 2024			July 1, 2023

Net revenues	$	155,053		$	153,173		$	207,388		$	308,226		$	405,569
Gross profit margin		13.9	%		16.6	%		34.7	%		15.3	%		35.7	%
Segment operating margin		1.2	%		5.3	%		27.4	%		3.2	%		28.3	%

The change in net revenues versus the comparable prior periods was as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Fiscal quarter ended June 29, 2024							Six fiscal months ended June 29, 2024
	Change in net revenues				% change			Change in net revenues			% change
March 30, 2024		$	1,880			1.2	%			n/a		n/a
July 1, 2023		$	(52,335	)		(25.2	)%		$	(97,343)		(24.0	)%

Changes in MOSFETs segment net revenues were attributable to the following:

	vs. Prior Quarter			vs. Prior Year Quarter			vs. Prior Year-to-Date
Change attributable to:
Change in volume		(7.1	)%		(25.6	)%		(21.5	)%
Change in average selling prices		0.0	%		(11.3	)%		(10.8	)%
Foreign currency effects		(0.1	)%		(0.1	)%		0.0	%
Acquisition		8.5	%		7.8	%		4.8	%
Other		(0.1	)%		4.0	%		3.5	%
Net change		1.2	%		(25.2	)%		(24.0	)%

Net revenues of the MOSFETS segment increased slightly versus the prior fiscal quarter, but decreased significantly versus the prior year periods. The increase versus the prior fiscal quarter is primarily due to the Newport wafer fab acquisition, partially offset by decreased sales to automotive end market customers. The decrease versus the prior year quarter is primarily due decreased sales to distributor customers and customers in all regions. The decrease versus the prior year-to-date period is due decreased sales to all end market customers and customers in all regions, partially offset by the Newport wafer fab acquisition.

Gross profit margin decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and prior year periods. The decrease from the prior fiscal quarter is primarily due to costs associated with the Newport wafer fab. The decreases versus the prior year periods are primarily due to lower sales volume, decreased average selling prices, and costs associated with the Newport wafer fab.

The segment operating margin decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and the prior year periods. The decreases are primarily due to gross profit margin decreases.

Average selling prices were flat versus the prior fiscal quarter, but decreased versus the prior year periods.

We continue to invest to expand mid- and long-term manufacturing capacity for strategic product lines. We have begun building a 12-inch wafer fab in Itzehoe, Germany adjacent to our existing 8-inch wafer fab, which we expect will increase our in-house wafer capacity by approximately 70% by 2028 and allow us to balance our in-house and foundry wafer supply.

We acquired leading edge silicon and silicon carbide MOSFETs products with our acquisition of MaxPower in the fourth fiscal quarter of 2022. We plan to use the Newport wafer fabrication facility acquired in the first fiscal quarter of 2024 as the home for MaxPower to further develop and scale our SiC MOSFETs and diodes capabilities.

Diodes

Net revenues, gross profit margins, and segment operating margins of the Diodes segment were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Fiscal quarters ended									Six fiscal months ended
	June 29, 2024			March 30, 2024			July 1, 2023			June 29, 2024			July 1, 2023

Net revenues	$	146,265		$	149,130		$	174,735		$	295,395		$	350,428
Gross profit margin		21.2	%		21.7	%		23.4	%		21.5	%		25.4	%
Segment operating margin		16.7	%		17.4	%		20.1	%		17.1	%		22.2	%

The change in net revenues versus the comparable prior periods was as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Fiscal quarter ended June 29, 2024						Six fiscal months ended June 29, 2024
	Change in net revenues			% change			Change in net revenues			% change
March 30, 2024	$	(2,865	)		(1.9	)%		n/a			n/a
July 1, 2023	$	(28,470	)		(16.3	)%	$	(55,033	)		(15.7	)%

Changes in Diodes segment net revenues were attributable to the following:

	vs. Prior Quarter			vs. Prior Year Quarter			vs. Prior Year-to-Date
Change attributable to:
Decrease in volume		(0.7	)%		(15.5	)%		(13.7	)%
Decrease in average selling prices		(0.9	)%		(0.5	)%		(2.6	)%
Foreign currency effects		(0.3	)%		(0.4	)%		(0.1	)%
Other		0.0	%		0.1	%		0.7	%
Net change		(1.9	)%		(16.3	)%		(15.7	)%

Net revenues of the Diodes segment decreased slightly versus the prior fiscal quarter and significantly versus the prior year periods. The decrease versus the prior fiscal quarter was primarily due to decreased sales to automotive and industrial end market customers and customers in the Europe region. The decreases versus the prior year periods are due to decreased sales to nearly all end market customers and customers in all regions.

Gross profit margin decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and prior year periods. The decreases are primarily due to lower sales volume and lower average selling prices. Higher labor costs also contributed to the decreases versus the prior year periods.

Segment operating margin decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and the prior year periods. The decreases are primarily due to gross profit margin decreases.

Average selling prices decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and the prior year periods.

We plan to use the Newport wafer fabrication facility acquired in the first fiscal quarter of 2024 as the home for MaxPower to further develop and scale our SiC MOSFETs and diodes capabilities.

Optoelectronic Components

Net revenues, gross profit margins, and segment operating margins of the Optoelectronic Components segment were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Fiscal quarters ended									Six fiscal months ended
	June 29, 2024			March 30, 2024			July 1, 2023			June 29, 2024			July 1, 2023

Net revenues	$	$ 53,010		$	$ 49,199		$	$ 64,449		$	102,209		$	124,852
Gross profit margin		26.8	%		14.2	%		24.2	%		20.7	%		30.1	%
Segment operating margin		16.4	%		3.0	%		16.7	%		10.0	%		22.5	%

The change in net revenues versus the comparable prior periods was as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Fiscal quarter ended June 29, 2024						Six fiscal months ended June 29, 2024
	Change in net revenues			% change			Change in net revenues			% change
March 30, 2024	$	3,811			7.7	%		n/a			n/a
July 1, 2023	$	(11,439	)		(17.7	)%		(22,643	)		(18.1	)%

Changes in Optoelectronic Components segment net revenues were attributable to the following:

	vs. Prior Quarter			vs. Prior Year Quarter			vs. Prior Year-to-Date
Change attributable to:
Change in volume		6.6	%		(16.0	)%		(16.7	)%
Change in average selling prices		1.3	%		(1.6	)%		(1.9	)%
Foreign currency effects		(0.4	)%		(0.3	)%		0.1	%
Other		0.2	%		0.2	%		0.4	%
Net change		7.7	%		(17.7	)%		(18.1	)%

Net revenues of the Optoelectronic Components segment increased versus the prior fiscal quarter, but decreased versus the prior year periods. The increase versus the prior fiscal quarter is due to increased sales to distribution customers and industrial end market customers and customers in the Asia region. The decreases versus the prior year periods are primarily due to distribution customers, all end market customers, and customers in the Europe and Americas regions.

Gross profit margin increased versus the prior fiscal quarter and prior year quarter, but decreased versus the prior year-to-date period. The increase versus the prior fiscal quarter is primarily due to increased sales volume, increased average selling prices, manufacturing efficiencies, and cost containment initiatives. The increase versus the prior year quarter is due to cost containment initiatives and manufacturing efficiencies, partially offset by decreased sales volume and average selling prices. The decrease versus the prior year-to-date period is primarily due to decreased sales volume and average selling prices.

Segment operating margin increased versus the prior fiscal quarter, but decreased versus the prior year periods. The fluctuations are primarily due to gross profit margin fluctuations.

Average selling prices increased versus the prior fiscal quarter, but decreased versus the prior year periods.

We are now using our recently modernized and expanded wafer fab in Heilbronn, Germany.

Resistors

Net revenues, gross profit margins, and segment operating margins of the Resistors segment were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Fiscal quarters ended									Six fiscal months ended
	June 29, 2024			March 30, 2024			July 1, 2023			June 29, 2024			July 1, 2023

Net revenues	$	179,498		$	188,196		$	222,433		$	367,694		$	445,573
Gross profit margin		22.9	%		24.7	%		29.1	%		23.8	%		31.1	%
Segment operating margin		18.3	%		20.3	%		25.8	%		19.3	%		27.8	%

The change in net revenues versus the comparable prior periods was as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Fiscal quarter ended June 29, 2024						Six fiscal months ended June 29, 2024
	Change in net revenues			% change			Change in net revenues			% change
March 30, 2024	$	(8,698	)		(4.6	)%		n/a			n/a
July 1, 2023	$	(42,935	)		(19.3	)%	$	(77,879	)		(17.5	)%

Changes in Resistors segment net revenues were attributable to the following:

	vs. Prior Quarter			vs. Prior Year Quarter			vs. Prior Year-to-Date
Change attributable to:
Decrease in volume		(2.3	)%		(16.9	)%		(16.2	)%
Decrease in average selling prices		(1.6	)%		(2.7	)%		(1.8	)%
Foreign currency effects		(0.3	)%		(0.4	)%		0.0	%
Acquisitions		0.1	%		0.1	%		0.0	%
Other		(0.5	)%		0.6	%		0.5	%
Net change		(4.6	)%		(19.3	)%		(17.5	)%

Net revenues of the Resistors segment decreased slightly versus the prior fiscal quarter and significantly versus the prior year periods. The decrease versus the prior fiscal quarter is primarily due to decreased sales to industrial and automotive end market customers and customers in the Europe region. The decreases versus the prior year periods were due to decreased sales to nearly all end market customers and customers in all regions.

Gross profit margin decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and prior year periods. The decreases were primarily due to lower sales volume, lower average selling prices, increased labor costs, and increased logistics costs.

Segment operating margin decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and the prior year periods. The decreases are primarily due to gross profit margin decreases.

Average selling prices decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and prior year periods.

We are increasing critical manufacturing capacities for certain product lines. We continue to broaden our business with targeted acquisitions of specialty resistors businesses.

Inductors

Net revenues, gross profit margins, and segment operating margins of the Inductors segment were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Fiscal quarters ended									Six fiscal months ended
	June 29, 2024			March 30, 2024			July 1, 2023			June 29, 2024			July 1, 2023

Net revenues	$	94,061		$	88,651		$	89,239		$	182,712		$	169,577
Gross profit margin		30.1	%		30.2	%		34.5	%		30.1	%		32.2	%
Segment operating margin		26.1	%		26.1	%		30.9	%		26.1	%		28.6	%

The change in net revenues versus the comparable prior periods was as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Fiscal quarter ended June 29, 2024					Six fiscal months ended June 29, 2024
	Change in net revenues		% change			Change in net revenues		% change
March 30, 2024	$	5,410		6.1	%		n/a		n/a
July 1, 2023	$	4,822		5.4	%	$	13,135		7.7	%

Changes in net revenues were attributable to the following:

	vs. Prior Quarter			vs. Prior Year Quarter			vs. Prior Year-to-Date
Change attributable to:
Increase in volume		6.4	%		8.8	%		10.2	%
Decrease in average selling prices		(0.2	)%		(2.7	)%		(2.0	)%
Foreign currency effects		(0.1	)%		(0.2	)%		0.0	%
Other		0.0	%		(0.5	)%		(0.5	)%
Net change		6.1	%		5.4	%		7.7	%

Net revenues of the Inductors segment increased versus the prior fiscal quarter and prior year periods. The increase versus the prior fiscal quarter was primarily due to increased sales to distribution and EMS customers, medical end market customers, and customers in the Americas region. The increase versus the prior year quarter was primarily due to increased sales to distribution customers, military and aerospace and medical end market customers, and customers in the Americas region. The increase versus the prior year-to-date period was primarily due to increased sales to distribution customers, automotive, military and aerospace, and medical end market customers, and customers in the Americas and Asia regions.

Gross profit margin was flat versus the prior fiscal quarter, but decreased versus the prior year periods. The decreases versus the prior year periods are primarily due to decreased average selling prices, higher logistics, materials, and labor costs, and start-up costs of a new manufacturing facility.

Segment operating margin was flat versus the prior fiscal quarter, but decreased versus the prior year periods. The decreases are primarily due to gross profit margin decreases.

Average selling prices decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and prior year periods.

We expect long-term growth in this segment, and are continuously expanding manufacturing capacity for certain product lines and evaluating acquisition opportunities, particularly of specialty businesses.

Capacitors

Net revenues, gross profit margins, and segment operating margins of the Capacitors segment were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Fiscal quarters ended									Six fiscal months ended
	June 29, 2024			March 30, 2024			July 1, 2023			June 29, 2024			July 1, 2023

Net revenues	$	113,352		$	117,930		$	133,866		$	231,282		$	267,157
Gross profit margin		23.5	%		27.4	%		25.1	%		25.5	%		26.8	%
Segment operating margin		18.5	%		22.5	%		21.0	%		20.5	%		22.9	%

The change in net revenues versus the comparable prior periods was as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Fiscal quarter ended June 29, 2024						Six fiscal months ended June 29, 2024
	Change in net revenues			% change			Change in net revenues			% change
March 30, 2024	$	(4,578	)		(3.9	)%		n/a			n/a
July 1, 2023	$	(20,514	)		(15.3	)%	$	(35,875	)		(13.4	)%

Changes in Capacitors segment net revenues were attributable to the following:

	vs. Prior Quarter			vs. Prior Year Quarter			vs. Prior Year-to-Date
Change attributable to:
Decrease in volume		(1.0	)%		(13.1	)%		(12.5	)%
Decrease in average selling prices		(1.4	)%		(1.8	)%		(0.7	)%
Foreign currency effects		(0.4	)%		(0.5	)%		(0.1	)%
Other		(1.1	)%		0.1	%		(0.1	)%
Net change		(3.9	)%		(15.3	)%		(13.4	)%

Net revenues of the Capacitors segment decreased slightly versus the prior fiscal quarter and significantly versus the prior year periods. The decrease versus the prior fiscal quarter is primarily due to decreased sales to distribution customers and customers in the Americas and Asia regions. The decrease versus the prior year quarter is primarily due to decreased sales to distribution customers, industrial end market customers, and customers in the Europe and Americas regions. The decrease versus the prior year-to-date period is primarily due to decreased sales to industrial end market customers and customers in the Europe and Americas regions.

Gross profit margin decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and prior year periods. The decreases are due to lower sales volume, lower average selling prices, increased labor costs, and production inefficiencies.

Segment operating margin decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and the prior year periods. The decreases are primarily due to gross profit margin decreases.

Average selling prices decreased versus the prior fiscal quarter and prior year periods.

Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general, and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses are summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Fiscal quarters ended												Six fiscal months ended
	June 29, 2024				March 30, 2024				July 1, 2023				June 29, 2024				July 1, 2023
Total SG&A expenses		$	124,953			$	127,736			$	122,857			$	252,689			$	243,002
as a percentage of revenues			16.9	%			17.1	%			13.8	%			17.0	%			13.8	%

The sequential decrease in SG&A expenses is primarily attributable to uneven attribution of stock-based compensation expense and lower bonus compensation. SG&A expenses increased versus the prior year periods due to higher stock-based compensation expense and general cost inflation.

Other Income (Expense)

Interest expense for the fiscal quarter ended June 29, 2024 increased $0.2 million versus the fiscal quarter ended March 30, 2024 and increased $0.3 million versus the fiscal quarter ended July 1, 2023. Interest expense for the six fiscal months ended June 29, 2024 increased by $1.6 million versus the six fiscal months ended July 1, 2023. The increase versus the prior fiscal quarter is due to higher average outstanding balances on the revolving credit facility. The increases versus the prior year periods are due to the issuance of the convertible senior notes due 2030 in the third fiscal quarter of 2023.

The following tables analyze the components of the line “Other” on the consolidated condensed statements of operations (in thousands):

	Fiscal quarters ended
	June 29, 2024			July 1, 2023			Change
Foreign exchange gain (loss)	$	620		$	1,203		$	(583	)
Interest income		6,663			6,292			371
Other components of net periodic pension expense		(2,056	)		(1,906	)		(150)
Investment income (expense)		(148	)		(193	)		45
Other		(68	)		(139	)		71
	$	5,011		$	5,257		$	(246)

	Fiscal quarters ended
	June 29, 2024			March 30, 2024			Change
Foreign exchange gain (loss)	$	620		$	1,293		$	(673	)
Interest income		6,663			9,053			(2,390	)
Other components of net periodic pension expense		(2,056	)		(2,073	)		17
Investment income (expense)		(148	)		(366	)		218
Other		(68	)		180			(248	)
	$	5,011		$	8,087		$	(3,076	)

	Six fiscal months ended
	June 29, 2024			July 1, 2023			Change
Foreign exchange gain (loss)	$	1,913		$	(287)		$	2,200
Interest income		15,716			12,236			3,480
Other components of net periodic pension expense		(4,129	)		(3,794	)		(335)
Investment income (expense)		(514	)		551			(1,065)
Other		112			(120	)		232
	$	13,098		$	8,586		$	4,512

Income Taxes

For the fiscal quarter ended June 29, 2024, our effective tax rate was 34.2%, as compared to 29.0% and 28.5% for the fiscal quarters ended March 30, 2024 and July 1, 2023, respectively. For the six fiscal months ended June 29, 2024, our effective tax rate was 31.3%, as compared to 28.5% for the six fiscal months ended July 1, 2023. We expect that our effective tax rate will be higher than the U.S. statutory rate, excluding unusual transactions.

During the six fiscal months ended June 29, 2024, the liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits decreased $0.7 million on a net basis, primarily due to statute expirations, partially offset by accruals for the current period.

We operate in a global environment with significant operations in various locations outside the United States. Accordingly, the consolidated income tax rate is a composite rate reflecting our earnings and the applicable tax rates in the various locations where we operate. Part of our historical strategy has been to achieve cost savings through the transfer and expansion of manufacturing operations to countries where we can take advantage of lower labor costs and available tax and other government-sponsored incentives.

Additional information about income taxes is included in Note 4 to our consolidated condensed financial statements.

Financial Condition, Liquidity, and Capital Resources

Our financial condition as of June 29, 2024 continued to be strong. We have historically been a strong generator of operating cash flows. The cash generated from operations is used to fund our capital expenditure plans, and cash in excess of our capital expenditure needs is available to fund our acquisition strategy, fund our Stockholder Return Policy, and to reduce debt levels.

Management uses a non-GAAP measure, "free cash," to evaluate our ability to fund acquisitions, repay debt, and otherwise enhance stockholder value through stock repurchases or dividends. See "Overview" above for "free cash" definition and reconciliation to GAAP.

Cash flows provided by operating activities were $55.5 million for the six fiscal months ended June 29, 2024, as compared to cash flows provided by operations of $237.1 million for the six fiscal months ended July 1, 2023.

In order to manage our working capital and operating cash needs, we monitor our cash conversion cycle. The following table presents the components of our cash conversion cycle during the five fiscal quarters beginning with the second fiscal quarter of 2023 through the second fiscal quarter of 2024:

	Fiscal quarters ended
	2nd Quarter 2023			3rd Quarter 2023			4th Quarter 2023			1st Quarter 2024			2nd Quarter 2024
Days sales outstanding ("DSO") ^(a)		46			48			50			51			51
Days inventory outstanding ("DIO") ^(b)		94			96			101			104			105
Days payable outstanding ("DPO") ^(c)		(32	)		(33	)		(31	)		(31	)		(31	)
Cash conversion cycle		108			111			120			124			125

a) DSO measures the average collection period of our receivables. DSO is calculated by dividing the average accounts receivable by the average net revenue per day for the respective fiscal quarter.

b) DIO measures the average number of days from procurement to sale of our product. DIO is calculated by dividing the average inventory by average cost of goods sold per day for the respective fiscal quarter.

c) DPO measures the average number of days our payables remain outstanding before payment. DPO is calculated by dividing the average accounts payable by the average cost of goods sold per day for the respective fiscal quarter.

Cash paid for property and equipment for the six fiscal months ended June 29, 2024 was $115.6 million, as compared to $117.3 million for the six fiscal months ended July 1, 2023. To be well positioned to service our customers and to fully participate in growing markets, we have increased and expect to maintain a relatively high level of capital expenditures for expansion in the mid-term. To increase our internal capacity, we had planned to invest approximately $435 million in 2024. At the midpoint of the year, the industry recovery is slower than expected. Accordingly, we have adjusted our timetable for investments for our new 12-inch wafer fab in Itzehoe, Germany beyond 2024, and now expect total capital expenditures for 2024 to be between $360 million and $390 million. We remain committed to spending a total of $2.6 billion in total capital expenditures for the period 2023 - 2028.

Free cash flow for the six fiscal months ended June 29, 2024 decreased versus the six fiscal months ended July 1, 2023 primarily due to decreased net earnings and withholding taxes paid for the repatriation of cash to the U.S. We expect that free cash flow will be negatively impacted by the expected high level of capital expenditures for expansion in 2023 - 2025 after which we expect to generate increasingly higher levels of free cash. There is no assurance, however, that we will be able to continue to generate cash flows from operations and free cash at our historical levels, or at all, going forward if the economic environment worsens.

In 2022, our Board of Directors adopted a Stockholder Return Policy that will remain in effect until such time as the Board votes to amend or rescind the policy. See “Stockholder Return Policy” above for additional information.

The following table summarizes the components of net cash and short-term investments (debt) at June 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	June 29, 2024			December 31, 2023

Credit facility	$	-		$	-
Convertible senior notes, due 2025		95,102			95,102
Convertible senior notes, due 2030		750,000			750,000
Deferred financing costs		(24,480	)		(26,914	)
Total debt		820,622			818,188

Cash and cash equivalents		672,731			972,719
Short-term investments		15,320			35,808
Net cash and short-term investments (debt)	$	(132,571	)	$	190,339

"Net cash and short-term investments (debt)" does not have a uniform definition and is not recognized in accordance with GAAP. This measure should not be viewed as an alternative to GAAP measures of performance or liquidity. However, management believes that an analysis of "net cash and short-term investments (debt)" assists investors in understanding aspects of our cash and debt management. The measure, as calculated by us, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.

We invest a portion of our excess cash in highly liquid, high-quality instruments with maturities greater than 90 days, but less than 1 year, which we classify as short-term investments on our consolidated balance sheets. As these investments were funded using a portion of excess cash and represent a significant aspect of our cash management strategy, we include the investments in the calculation of net cash and short-term investments (debt).

The interest rates on our short-term investments vary by location. Transactions related to these investments are classified as investing activities on our consolidated condensed statements of cash flows.

Our business is geographically diverse and our cash is generated by our subsidiaries around the world. Cash dividends to stockholders, share repurchases, and principal and interest payments on our debt instruments need to be paid by the U.S. parent company, Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. We continue to allocate capital responsibly between our business, our lenders, and our stockholders. The capital allocated to our business is further allocated between our subsidiaries to meet local operating cash needs, to fund capital expenditures as part of our growth plan, and to meet corporate funding needs while also aiming to minimize our tax expense.

During the second fiscal quarter of 2024, we repatriated $120 million of accumulated earnings to the United States and paid withholding taxes in Israel of $15 million. As of June 29, 2024, $73.4 million of our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments were held by our U.S. subsidiaries. Based on expected cash payments pursuant to our Stockholder Return Policy and funding of the Newport expansion, we expect to be in a net borrowing position in the U.S. before year-end 2024. As of June 29, 2024, we have approximately $495 million of German and Israeli earnings that are deemed not indefinitely reinvested. Based on the expected timing of future repatriations, we estimate that the tax liability to repatriate these unremitted earnings will be approximately $74 million, which has been accrued, but will only be paid upon repatriation of the unremitted earnings. Repatriating these unremitted earnings earlier than currently planned may not be possible and would incur additional tax expense. We also have amounts of unremitted foreign earnings held by subsidiaries in countries other than Israel and Germany, which continue to be reinvested indefinitely, that we have not accrued for the incremental foreign income taxes and withholding taxes payable to foreign jurisdictions that would be incurred to repatriate these amounts. Certain of these subsidiaries are located in countries with restrictive regulations and high tax rates for repatriating cash. Due to the uncertainties associated with the ability, timing, and method to repatriate these unremitted earnings and other complexities associated with its hypothetical calculation, determination of the amount of tax expense that would be incurred to repatriate the unremitted earnings is not practicable, but could be significant. Our substantially undrawn credit facility provides us with adequate operating liquidity in the United States.

Upon successful completion of our growth plan, we expect to generate increasingly higher levels of free cash that will be sufficient to meet our long-term financing needs related to normal operating requirements, regular dividend payments, share repurchases pursuant to our Stockholder Return Policy, while allowing us to manage our repatriation and financing activities to minimize tax and interest expense. During the current period of intensified capital expenditures to achieve our growth plans, we are considering a combination of additional and alternative sources of financing and our cash on hand to fund a portion of the capital expenditures that would conserve cash for future acquisitions while enabling us to minimize tax expense.

We maintain a $750 million revolving credit agreement that matures on May 8, 2028. The maximum amount available on the revolving credit facility is restricted by the financial covenants described below. The credit facility also provides us the ability to request up to $300 million of incremental facilities, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, which could take the form of additional revolving commitments, incremental “term loan A” or “term loan B” facilities, or incremental equivalent debt.

We had no amount outstanding on our revolving credit facility at December 31, 2023 and June 29, 2024. We borrowed and repaid $52 million on the revolving credit facility during the six fiscal months ended June 29, 2024. No amounts were outstanding on our revolving credit facility at any fiscal month-end. We expect to use the revolving credit facility from time-to-time to meet short-term financing needs.

Pursuant to the credit facility, the financial maintenance covenants include (a) an interest coverage ratio of not less than 2.00 to 1; and (b) a net leverage ratio of not more than 3.25 to 1 (and a pro forma ratio of 3.00 to 1 on the date of incurrence of additional debt). Net leverage ratio reduces the measure of outstanding debt by up to $250 million of unrestricted cash. The computation of these ratios is prescribed in Article VI of the Credit Agreement between Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., which was filed with the SEC as Exhibit 10.1 to our current report on Form 8-K filed May 8, 2023.

The credit facility limits or restricts us from, among other things, incurring indebtedness, incurring liens on its respective assets, making investments and acquisitions (assuming our pro forma net leverage ratio is greater than 2.75 to 1.00), making asset sales, and paying cash dividends and making other restricted payments (assuming our pro forma net leverage ratio is greater than 2.50 to 1.00).

We were in compliance with all financial covenants under the credit facility at June 29, 2024. Our interest coverage ratio and net leverage ratio were 8.60 to 1 and 1.15 to 1, respectively. We expect to continue to be in compliance with these covenants based on current projections.

If we are not in compliance with all of the required financial covenants, the credit facility could be terminated by the lenders, and any amounts then outstanding pursuant to the credit facility could become immediately payable. Additionally, our convertible senior notes due 2025 and due 2030 have cross-default provisions that could accelerate repayment in the event the indebtedness under the credit facility is accelerated. The maturity date of the credit facility will accelerate if within ninety-one days prior to the maturity of our convertible senior notes due 2025, the outstanding principal amount of such notes exceeds a defined liquidity measure as set forth in the credit facility. The repurchase of $370.2 million principal amount of convertible senior notes due 2025 in 2023 reduces the risk that the maturity date of the credit facility will accelerate.

Borrowings under the credit facility bear interest at variable reference rates plus an interest margin. The applicable interest margin is based on our total leverage ratio. We also pay a commitment fee, also based on our total leverage ratio, on undrawn amounts. U.S. dollar borrowings under the credit facility are based on SOFR (including a customary spread adjustment). Borrowings in foreign currencies bear interest at currency-specific reference rates plus an interest margin. Based on our current total leverage ratio of 1.63 to 1, any new U.S. dollar borrowings will bear interest at SOFR plus 1.85% (including the applicable credit spread), and the undrawn commitment fee is 0.30% per annum.

The borrowings under the credit facility are secured by a lien on substantially all assets, including accounts receivable, inventory, machinery and equipment, and general intangibles (but excluding real estate, intellectual property registered or licensed solely for use in, or arising solely under the laws of, any country other than the United States, assets located solely outside of the United States and deposit and securities accounts), of Vishay and certain significant subsidiaries located in the United States, and pledges of stock in certain subsidiaries; and are guaranteed by certain significant subsidiaries.

We expect, at least initially, to fund certain future obligations required to be paid by the U.S. parent company by borrowing under our credit facility. We also expect to continue to use the credit facility from time-to-time to meet certain short-term financing needs. Additional acquisition activity, convertible debt repurchases, or conversion of our convertible debt instruments may require additional borrowing under our credit facility or may otherwise require us to incur additional debt. No principal payments on our debt are due before 2025.

The convertible senior notes due 2025 and due 2030 are not currently convertible. Pursuant to the indenture governing the convertible senior notes due 2030, we will cash-settle the principal amount of $1,000 per note and settle any additional amounts in cash or shares of our common stock. Pursuant to the indenture governing the convertible senior notes due 2025 and the amendments thereto incorporated in the Supplemental Indenture dated December 23, 2020, we will cash-settle the principal amount of $1,000 per note and settle any additional amounts in shares of our common stock. We intend to finance the principal amount of any converted notes using borrowings under our credit facility. No conversions have occurred to date. We have the intent and ability to finance the principal amount of the convertible senior notes due 2025 using borrowings under our credit facility upon maturity of the notes.

Safe Harbor Statement

From time to time, information provided by us, including but not limited to statements in this report, or other statements made by or on our behalf, may contain “forward-looking” information within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as “believe,” “estimate,” “will be,” “will,” “would,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “project,” “intend,” “could,” “should,” or other similar words or expressions often identify forward-looking statements.

Such statements are based on current expectations only, and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, many of which are beyond our control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results, performance, or achievements may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated, or projected. Among the factors that could cause actual results to materially differ include: general business and economic conditions; delays or difficulties in implementing our cost reduction strategies; delays or difficulties in expanding our manufacturing capacities; manufacturing or supply chain interruptions or changes in customer demand (including due to political, economic, and health instability and military conflicts and hostilities); an inability to attract and retain highly qualified personnel; changes in foreign currency exchange rates; uncertainty related to the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates; competition and technological changes in our industries; difficulties in new product development; difficulties in identifying suitable acquisition candidates, consummating a transaction on terms which we consider acceptable, and integration and performance of acquired businesses; changes in applicable domestic and foreign tax regulations and uncertainty regarding the same; changes in U.S. and foreign trade regulations and tariffs and uncertainty regarding the same; changes in applicable accounting standards and other factors affecting our operations, markets, capacity to meet demand, products, services, and prices that are set forth in our filings with the SEC, including our annual reports on Form 10-K and our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.

Our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K listed various important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from projected and historic results. We note these factors for investors as permitted by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Readers can find them in Part I, Item 1A, of that filing under the heading “Risk Factors.” You should understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all such factors. Consequently, you should not consider any such list to be a complete set of all potential risks or uncertainties.

Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Part II, Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on February 16, 2024, describes our exposure to market risks. There have been no material changes to our market risks since December 31, 2023.

Item 4.

Controls and Procedures

Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act are: (1) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms; and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

Item 3 of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on February 16, 2024 describes certain of our legal proceedings. Except as described below, there have been no material developments to the legal proceedings previously disclosed.

Environmental Matters

Vishay is involved in environmental remediation programs at various sites currently or formerly owned by Vishay and its subsidiaries both within and outside of the U.S., in addition to involvement as a potentially responsible party (“PRP”) at Superfund sites. Certain obligations as a PRP have arisen in connection with business acquisitions. The remediation programs are on-going and the ultimate cost of site cleanup is difficult to predict given the uncertainties regarding the extent of the required cleanup, the interpretation of applicable laws and regulations, and alternative cleanup methods.

Vishay GSI, Inc. (“VGSI”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, was a direct defendant in two separate, but related, litigation matters previously pending in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York: (1) Hicksville Water District v. United States Department of Energy, et al.; and (2) Hicksville Water District v. Alsy Manufacturing, Inc. These cases contain claims for recovery of response costs under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (“CERCLA”), and allege that a predecessor’s manufacturing operations in Hicksville, New York (the “Site”), between 1960 and 1993, impacted groundwater beneath and downgradient of the Site. The groundwater beneath and downgradient of the Site is part of the New Cassel/Hicksville Groundwater Contamination Site, which was added to the National Priorities List pursuant to CERCLA on September 15, 2011.

VGSI and the Hicksville Water District reached a comprehensive settlement of both cases brought by the Hicksville Water District that resolves all past and future claims, known and unknown. Vishay admitted no liability and agreed to pay the Hicksville Water District $3 million. The settlement was approved by the court and both cases were dismissed in late July 2024.

VGSI remains a defendant in one remaining case, 101 Frost Street Associates, L.P. v. United States Department of Energy et al., pending before the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York. The remaining case contains claims for recovery of response costs under CERCLA, and alleges that a predecessor’s manufacturing operations in the Site, between 1960 and 1993, impacted groundwater beneath and downgradient of the Site. VGSI is vigorously contesting plaintiff’s claims and will aggressively prosecute its affirmative claims.

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors we previously disclosed under Item 1A of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on February 16, 2024.

Item 2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table provides information regarding repurchases of our common stock during the fiscal quarter ended June 29, 2024:

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid per Share (including commission)		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		Total Dollar Amount Purchased Under the Program		Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs

March 31 - April 27		276,247	$	22.02		276,247	$	6,083,794		2,035,718
April 28 - May 25		199,630	$	23.43		199,630	$	4,676,700		1,836,088
May 26 - June 29		78,710	$	23.65		78,710	$	1,861,588		1,757,378
Total		554,587	$	22.76		554,587	$	12,622,082		1,757,378

In 2022, our Board of Directors adopted a Stockholder Return Policy, which calls for us to return at least 70% of free cash flow, net of scheduled principal payments of long-term debt, on an annual basis. We intend to return such amounts to stockholders directly, in the form of cash dividends, and/or indirectly, in the form of stock repurchases. The policy sets forth our intention, but does not obligate us to acquire any shares of common stock or declare any dividends, and the policy may be terminated or suspended at any time at our direction, in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.

Item 3.

Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5.

Other Information

None of our directors or executive officers adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or adopted or terminated a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K) during the fiscal quarter ended June 29, 2024.

Item 6.

Exhibits

31.1	Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - Joel Smejkal, Chief Executive Officer.
31.2	Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - David E. McConnell, Chief Financial Officer.
32.1	Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – Joel Smejkal, Chief Executive Officer.
32.2	Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – David E. McConnell, Chief Financial Officer.
101	Interactive Data File (Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for the quarterly period ended June 29, 2024, furnished in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language)).
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language and contained in Exhibit 101)

____________

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.

	/s/ David E. McConnell
	David E. McConnell
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
	(as a duly authorized officer and principal financial officer)

	/s/ David L. Tomlinson
	David L. Tomlinson
	Senior Vice President - Chief Accounting Officer
	(as a duly authorized officer and principal accounting officer)

Date: August 7, 2024

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Joel Smejkal, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Vishay Intertechnology, Inc.;

2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.	The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 7, 2024

/s/ Joel Smejkal
Joel Smejkal
Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATIONS

I, David E. McConnell, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Vishay Intertechnology, Inc.;

2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

5.	The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 7, 2024

/s/ David E. McConnell
David E. McConnell
Chief Financial Officer

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 29, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, Joel Smejkal, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1.	The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.	The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Joel Smejkal

Joel Smejkal

Chief Executive Officer

August 7, 2024

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 29, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), I, David E. McConnell, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1.	The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.	The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ David E. McConnell

David E. McConnell

Chief Financial Officer

August 7, 2024